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雙面”義烏的城市肖像
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"In the past, numerous people had stereotype of people from Yiwu that they knew nothing but earning money by selling 'low-level'goods. However, it is totally wrong." On April 24, after the inspection of Yiwu, Zhejiang, Zhuangshuai, anInternet celebrityand the founder of Brilliance Consulting, states it is the time that the public's impression of Yiwu should be changed.
義烏是“世界小商品之都”，在中國“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略中扮演重要的角色。網(wǎng)絡(luò)大V、泛互聯(lián)網(wǎng)科技商業(yè)自媒體天方燕談創(chuàng)始人李燕認(rèn)為，義烏代表的中國制造向世界輸出的不僅是商品，更是和平包容、相互理解、謀求共贏的中國文化。
Yiwu, "world's commodity capital", plays indispensable role in Chinese initiative of “the Belt and Road”(the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road).According to Li Yan, the Internet celebrity and originator of generalized-Internetscience-and-technology commercial we-media called "Tian-Fang-Ye-Tan"(meaning Li Yan's imaginative talk), it is not only the made-in-Yiwu merchandises, representing "madein China", which are exported to the whole world, but alsopeace and tolerance, mutual understanding, and co-winning goal which are lying in Chinese culture.
昨日義烏：“雞毛換糖”的編年史
Past Yiwu: Chronicle of "Feather for Sugar"
義烏為什么能成為今天的義烏？因?yàn)榱x烏的發(fā)展離不開其根植于其血脈中的“雞毛換糖”的商貿(mào)文化。“雞毛換糖”可追溯到明末清初，其形成是以當(dāng)?shù)氐募t糖工業(yè)為基礎(chǔ)的。
What has contributed to making Yiwu be as prosperous and bustling as it is at present? The answer is the trade culture of "feather for sugar"(obtain sugar by giving chicken feather) deeply rooted in its essence. The history of "feather for sugar", whose formation as well as development was based on the local brown sugar industry, could be traced back to the period of Late Ming Dynastyand Early Qing Dynasty.
據(jù)了解，早時(shí)換糖人外出所帶貨物一般只是本地所產(chǎn)的紅糖，及用紅糖加工的各種糖粒糖塊；他們將所交換來的上好的雞毛加工后出售，余下的用來做肥料。隨著時(shí)間的推移，他們的糖擔(dān)里逐漸增加了針線、發(fā)夾、手帕、頭巾之類的貨物。
It is said that in the early days, sugar-exchangers would only carry brown sugar produced locally and so-made candy with them; after selling processed products made of chicken feather they had exchanged, they collected the rest to make it fertilizer. Over time, goods like needlework, hairpins, handkerchieves and scarfs could also be seen in their loads.
義烏小商品市場最早起源于上個(gè)世紀(jì)60年代末。20世紀(jì)70年代后期，一些換糖人專做長途販運(yùn)生意，逐漸形成了小商品。其中部分人開始自己摸索加工一些小商品，在集市上售于外出換糖人及消費(fèi)者，于是，一個(gè)自發(fā)的小商品市場悄然形成。
Yiwu Small Commodity Market was originated in the late 1960s. After about ten years, some sugar-exchangers majoring in doing long-distance transportation of goods and small commodities gradually came into form. Part of them began to process some small commodities by their own to sell to the outgoing sugar-exchangers and other consumers as well. Thanks to that, an auto-formed market of small commodities has taken shape inconspicuously.
1982年9月，義烏縣政府正式批準(zhǔn)開放湖清門小百貨市場。資料顯示，湖清門小百貨市場是鋪設(shè)水泥板的露天市場，當(dāng)時(shí)投資9000元，攤位共700個(gè)。如今，清湖門小百貨市場搖身變成了占地面積550余萬平方米的義烏中國小商品城。
In September, 1982, Yiwu County Government officially aggred to open Hu-Qing-Men Small Commodity Market. Relevant data shows that it was an open-air market with 700 stalls, costing 9,000 yuan. Nowadays, it has already changed into Yiwu Chinese Small Commodity Marketcovering more than 5,50,000 kilometer.
據(jù)了解，義烏中國小商品城目前商位7.5萬個(gè)，從業(yè)人員21萬，日客流量21萬人次，經(jīng)營26個(gè)大類，180萬個(gè)單品。2016年小商品城成交額為1105.79億元，繼續(xù)領(lǐng)跑全球各大專業(yè)市場。
As we have known, there are75,000 stalls and 210,000 workers for operating 1.8 million merchandises,belonging to 26 different categories, in YiwuChineseSmallCommodityMarket, with 21,000 customers coming to per day.
2011年3月，義烏經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)，成為全國唯一一個(gè)在縣級(jí)市開展的國家級(jí)綜合改革試點(diǎn)。
Since the Marchof 2011, with the approval of the State Council, Yiwu has become the onlycomprehensive reform experimental unit at the national level being in process at a county-level city.
今日義烏：轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)的“新氣象”
Present Yiwu: “new climate” of transformation and upgrading
今年是虞菊芳入駐義烏中國小商品城國際商貿(mào)城一區(qū)的第15個(gè)年頭。2002年，虞菊芳在當(dāng)?shù)刈銎鹆瞬Ａ�，如今她主要�?jīng)營的是玻璃工藝制品的高端訂制等業(yè)務(wù)。
This year is the fifteenth year of Yu Jufang settled in zone 1 of Yiwu China Small Commodity Market International Trade City. In 2002, Yu Jufang began to do some glass business in the local, and now she is mainly engaged in glass products such as high-end custom business.
虞菊芳表示，對比這些年的變化，人們比過去更加理性，更加關(guān)心商品的實(shí)用價(jià)值，此外，特別是近年來，產(chǎn)品的銷售渠道也發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化�！斑^去線上的銷量只占我總銷量的30%，現(xiàn)在卻反過來了�！�
Yu Jufang said that in contrast to these years of change, people are more rational than ever, more concerned about the practical value of goods, in addition, especially in recent years, the product sales channels have undergone tremendous changes."In the past online sales accounted for just only 30% of my total sales, but now it turns out."
虞菊芳所感受的變化并非個(gè)例。4月23日，記者在義烏國際商貿(mào)城一區(qū)采訪時(shí)，雖然其主場館熱鬧依舊，但仍見不到熙熙攘攘的人群。
李燕對這樣的情況并不意外，“一方面是淘寶、天貓對線下零售以及消費(fèi)習(xí)慣的沖擊，而另一方面，則是消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)理念的升級(jí)。”
Yu Jufang’s experience is not a single case of change. April 23rd, when the reporter interviewed in 1 District, Yiwu International Trade City , although the main venue is still lively, but still can not see the bustling crowd. Li Yan is not surprised this situation, “on the one hand, Taobao and Tmall impact on offline retail and consumer habits, while on the other hand, it is the upgrading of consumer concept.
對此，義烏并非束手無策，當(dāng)?shù)匾恢本o隨時(shí)代的潮流。2007年，第一家淘寶店“鄰家實(shí)惠小店”在義烏江東街道青巖劉村開業(yè)，義烏便邁入了一個(gè)新的時(shí)代。
In this regard, Yiwu is not helpless, the local has been followed by the trend of the times. In 2007, the first Taobao shop “next door affordable shop”opened in Yiwu, Liu Jiang dong Street, Qing yan Liu village, Yiwu has entered a new era.
記者從義烏市電子商務(wù)工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室獲悉，近年來，義烏電子商務(wù)貿(mào)易額以超過30%的年增長率增長，從2010年的250億元上升到2016年的1770億元。目前義烏有各類網(wǎng)拍店鋪200余家、電商賬戶25.2萬個(gè)，各類物流企業(yè)2500多家，全球20強(qiáng)船務(wù)公司有18家在義烏開設(shè)分公司或辦事處。
Reporters learned from the Yiwu municipal e-commerce work leading group office, in recent years, Yiwu e-commerce trade volume grow as annual growth rate more than 30%, from 25 billion yuan in 2010 rose to 177 billion in 2016.
2014年，國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)赴青巖劉村調(diào)研時(shí)，稱其不愧是“網(wǎng)店第一村”，并提出了“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新”的口號(hào)。從此，青巖劉村便有了“中國網(wǎng)店第一村”的稱號(hào)。截至2016年，青巖劉村的網(wǎng)店總數(shù)已達(dá)到3500多家，年銷售額近50億元，日均出單量10萬單。
On 2014, when Chinese Premier Li Keqiang went to do a research in Qing yan Liu village, said it is worthy of being called No.1 E Commerce Village, and put forward a slogan as “mass entrepreneurship and innovation.” From then on, Qing yan Liu village had the title "China's No.1 E Commerce Village". As of 2016, the total number of shop Qing yan Liu village has reached more than 3 thousand and 500, with annual sales of nearly 5 billion yuan, the average daily volume of 100 thousand forms.
青巖劉村黨支部書記毛勝平在接受記者采訪時(shí)表示，當(dāng)?shù)氐母[門在于“抓服務(wù)”。2015年8月，青巖劉村創(chuàng)業(yè)孵化中心投入使用，提供了50個(gè)免費(fèi)工位、免費(fèi)電腦、免費(fèi)培訓(xùn)、免費(fèi)貨源對接、小額免息創(chuàng)業(yè)貸款以及優(yōu)惠快遞等服務(wù)，同時(shí)對于孵化成功的企業(yè)還提供了一站式租房、注冊、辦證等服務(wù)。
Mao Shengping, the party branch secretary in Qing yan Liu village said in an interview, the trick is in local is to "focus on the service". In August 2015, Qing yan Liu village incubation center put into use, provides 50 free stations, free computer, free training, free supply docking, small business loans and preferential interest free courier service, at the same time, also provide one-stop rental, registration, accreditation and other services for the successful business incubator .
此外，青巖劉村不僅先后成立了義烏工商學(xué)院創(chuàng)業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、網(wǎng)絡(luò)模特孵化基地等，為了改善當(dāng)?shù)氐膭?chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境，當(dāng)?shù)卮逦�自主創(chuàng)辦了青巖劉村網(wǎng)商創(chuàng)業(yè)服務(wù)有限公司，負(fù)責(zé)當(dāng)?shù)仉娚踢\(yùn)營管理服務(wù)。
In addition, Qing yan Liu village not only has set up a Yiwu Business School entrepreneurship incubator laboratory, network model, in order to improve the local environment, the local village autonomy also founded the Qing yan Liu village network operators business services limited company, responsible for local electricity supplier operations management services.
莊帥認(rèn)為，要把電商發(fā)展起來，首先需要形成產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，因此相關(guān)的服務(wù)設(shè)施是不可或缺的，但從義烏的發(fā)展看，還是非常不錯(cuò)。
Zhuang Shuai believes that if you want to develop the electricity supplier, first of all you need to form an industrial chain, so the relevant service facilities are indispensable, but from the development of Yiwu, it is still very good.
網(wǎng)絡(luò)大V、中國產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚研究專家楊建國認(rèn)為，義烏過去傳統(tǒng)的“雞毛換糖”的發(fā)展精神讓義烏實(shí)現(xiàn)了從貧窮到富裕的艱難遷徙而在發(fā)展電商的過程中，義烏提出了“雞毛換糖再出發(fā)”，將義烏的經(jīng)驗(yàn)成功地帶到新產(chǎn)業(yè)和新經(jīng)濟(jì)上。
Yang Jianguo, the internet celebrity and China industrial agglomeration expert, believes that Yiwu traditional "feather for sugar" development spirit let Yiwu realized the difficult migration from poverty to affluence and into the development of the electricity supplier in the process, Yiwu put forward "restart from feather for sugar", bring Yiwu's experience to new industries and new economies successfully.
李燕表示，除了產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的發(fā)展和服務(wù)質(zhì)量的提升以外，義烏的小商品也已經(jīng)告別“低端貨”，很多產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)已經(jīng)接近國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。據(jù)相關(guān)部門介紹，當(dāng)?shù)夭簧倨髽I(yè)已相繼建成小商品研發(fā)中心，謀求轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)。
Li Yan said that in addition to the development of the industrial chain and enhance the quality of service, Yiwu commodity has also bid farewell to the low-end goods, the quality of many products have been close to international standards. According to the relevant departments, many local enterprises have built a small commodity research and development center, seeking transformation and upgrading.
明日義烏：中國制造影響世界
Future Yiwu:"Made in China" influences the world
在莊帥看來，義烏的未來在于跨境電商的發(fā)展�！翱缇畴娚瘫緛砭褪橇x烏的優(yōu)勢所在，如今義烏小商品已經(jīng)受到越來越多國家的認(rèn)可�！鼻f帥表示，每個(gè)國家發(fā)展水平不一樣，很多國家對于義烏的小商品非常依賴，中國商品的輸出，也將促進(jìn)各個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)展的平衡。
To Zhuang Shuai,the future of Yiwu depends on the development of Cross-border E-commerce."TheCross-borderE-commerce is the original strength of Yiwu,now Yiwu commodity is recognized by more and more countries."ZhuangShuai said,the level of development of countries are diverse and a lot of countries really rely on Yiwu commodity.The export of Chinese goods will promote the balanced development of all regions.
2014年11月18日上午，首趟中歐班列（“義新歐”鐵路）從浙江義烏始發(fā)。該班列共有41節(jié)列車，運(yùn)載82個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱出口，鐵路全長13000多公里，是目前中國史上行程最長、途經(jīng)城市和國家最多、境外鐵路換軌次數(shù)最多的火車專列。至今這條中歐班列已往返義烏和馬德里超過160次。
On morning of 18th November 2014,the first Yiwu-Xinjiang-Europe train(the YXE Railway) set off from Yiwu. The train has 41 sections which carry out the export of 82 standard contains. 他he total length of the railway is more than 13 thousand kilometers. It is the train which has the longest stroke,pass the most cities and countries and has the maximum times changing its track. The YXE train has contacted Yiwu and Madrid more than 160 times until now.
“義新歐”的運(yùn)營方、天盟實(shí)業(yè)投資有限公司董事長馮旭斌在接受記者采訪時(shí)表示，“義新歐”鐵路每周發(fā)車兩趟，每次發(fā)車不少于41節(jié)，目前該專列從義烏到達(dá)終點(diǎn)站馬德里，僅需要17-18日，且運(yùn)費(fèi)比航空運(yùn)輸?shù)土?/5。
The Operator of “the YXE Railway” and The Chairman of Timex Industrial Investment Co.Ltd,Zhang Xubin said when interviewed by journalist,”the YXE Railway” set off twice a week and the sections of the train are not less than 41. Now the train from Yiwu to destination Madrid only takes 17 or 18 days and its freight is 1/5 lower than air transport.
莊帥認(rèn)為，“義新歐”鐵路，是在“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略中，對中國國家軟實(shí)力的體現(xiàn)�！笆紫龋郧白呓z綢之路，傳到國外的主要是茶葉、絲綢和瓷器，現(xiàn)代絲綢之路帶出去的品類更加細(xì)化、品種更加豐富的小商品，這些是很多國家急需的，也是非常適合進(jìn)行批發(fā)的；其次，把這么多商品從太平洋的這頭，運(yùn)到大西洋的那頭，對于中國的運(yùn)輸能力是一種考驗(yàn)�！彼硎�，通過“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略的推進(jìn)，也將倒逼中國的企業(yè)繼續(xù)向著標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化目標(biāo)邁近。
Zhuang Shuai thinks,“the YXE Railway” is the embodiment of Chinese national soft power in “The Belt and the Road”. “Firstly, we mainly exported tea,silk and porcelain to foreign countries through The Silk Road before,the modern Silk Road exports more refined and various commodities to foreigners. These commodities are urgently needed in many countries,they are also suitable for wholesale; Secondly,it is a test of China’s freight capacity to transport the goods from side of The Pacific Ocean to the other side of The Atlantic.” He said, it will force Chinese enterprises to get close to standardization and industrialization through “The Belt and the Road”.
李燕認(rèn)為，“一帶一路”的核心實(shí)則在于經(jīng)濟(jì)與文化的交流，前提則是基于不同文化之間的相互交流，相互理解。李燕表示，中國輸出的文化是公平貿(mào)易的文化，而不是意識(shí)形態(tài)的強(qiáng)勢輸出，不是要求其他處于絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的國家必須去做什么，而是為了滿足其他國家對于貿(mào)易文化的需求。最終則是對全球經(jīng)濟(jì)格局，為世界的和平、穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展留下“中國印記”。
Li Yan thinks,the core of “The Belt and the Road” is the communication of economy and culture, the premise is based on communication and comprehension between different cultures. Li Yan said,the culture Chinese exported is a culture of fair trade,not strong output of ideology,not ordering other countries who are at the Silk Road Economic Zone to do what they dislike,but to meet the cultural and commercial needs of them. Finally,we will leave “The Chinese Imprint” in the global economy,peace,stability and development.
今年是埃及商人Ammar Ashour來到中國的第8個(gè)年頭。2010年他在浙江義烏開了一家貿(mào)易公司，目前他的客源很多來自埃及、沙特阿拉伯和美國等國家。
This is Ammar Ashour’s 8th year in China. In 2010 he opened a commercial company in Zhejiang, Yiwu,now many of his customers are from Egypt,Saudi Arabia,the United States and other countries.
Ashour告訴記者，中國的“一帶一路”政策非常好，外國人在中國做生意，享受了很多便捷。同時(shí)，他也發(fā)現(xiàn)中國的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)非常便捷，幾乎什么都可以買到。他表示，他的夢想在中國得到了實(shí)現(xiàn)。
Ashour told the journalist,the Chinese“The Belt and the Road”is so wonderful that foreigners can get a lot of convenience when do business in China. At the same time,he also found the internet in China is so convenient that he can buy almost everything. He said his dream is realized in China.
義烏是世界“小商品之都”，每年到義烏采購的境外客商近50萬人次，有1000多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)的1.3萬多名境外客商常駐義烏。
Yiwu is the world's "commodity capital",nearly 500 thousand foreign businessmen come to Yiwu for purchasing every year,and more than 1.3 overseas customers from more than 1 thousand countries and regions settle in Yiwu.
記者手記
Reporter’s note
義烏的另一面：喧囂都市外的品質(zhì)生活
The other side of Yiwu: quality living outside noisy cities
義烏的昨天、今天和明天共同勾勒出一幅城市的肖像。這座城市到處都有商機(jī)，總是朝氣蓬勃，真正貫徹了李克強(qiáng)總理“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新”的口號(hào)。
Yiwu’ s past, present and future outline urban scenario. There are business opportunities everywhere in the city. The city is always full of vigor really implementing premier Li Keqiang’ s slogan “mass entrepreneurship and innovation ”.
在記者跟隨網(wǎng)絡(luò)名人助力“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略活動(dòng)考察團(tuán)對浙江義烏為期2天的實(shí)地探訪中，我認(rèn)識(shí)到了義烏肖像的“另一面”，一個(gè)休閑，崇尚田園生活的義烏。
During two days’ site visit in Zhejiang Yiwu, journalist followed web celebrities supporting “The Belt and the Road” investigation group. I realize the other side of yiwu’ s portrait. It is casual and adores rural lifestyle
4月24日，當(dāng)我漫步在義烏何斯路村的“新農(nóng)村道路”，我詫異于路邊那一排排整潔嶄新的民宿。在那里我結(jié)識(shí)了“燕子姐姐”，她是義烏當(dāng)?shù)氐囊晃辉O(shè)計(jì)師，3年前因?yàn)橐粋�(gè)偶然的機(jī)會(huì)來到何斯路村旅游，被這里的風(fēng)光吸引。于是在2016年她和幾個(gè)朋友來到這里，租了一套3層的宅子做起了民宿。
On April 24, when I walked in “new countryside road” of Yiwu Hesilu village I was amazed rows of ordely and brand new monasteries by the road. I got to know “sister Yanzi” who is a local designer of Yiwu. She came to Hesilu village to travel by chance 3 years ago and was attracted by the views. So in 2016 she came here with some friends and ranted three-story house starting to run pension.
她告訴記者，她非常享受這里的生活，在這樣一座繁華的大城市里，能夠擁有一片田園風(fēng)光，是一件幸運(yùn)的事。
She told the journalist she enjoy her life here. It is a lucky thing to have charms of rural life in such a big busy city.
據(jù)悉，何斯路村被稱為是義烏的“普羅斯旺”。從2008年開始，該村在黨支部書記何允輝的帶領(lǐng)下發(fā)展生態(tài)旅游，不僅村子的青山綠水、老屋泥房、古樟溪澗被完好地保存了下來，不少以往競相跑城里過好日子的村民也競相回遷，努力跟隨村里的步伐。
It is said, Hesilu village is called “Provence” of Yiwu. Since 2008 this vallige developed eco-tourism under the leadership of the party secretary He Yunhui. Not only clean water and green hills, old houses and mud huts, ancient camphor trees and streams were kept intact, but also many villagers who entered city to live well in the past have returned to the village and try to follow the village fro, position to position.
如今，不僅村民回來了，很多像“燕子姐姐”那樣的游客也紛紛來到這里“扎根”，據(jù)介紹，當(dāng)中還包括10多個(gè)外國人。
Now villagers are back and some visitors like “Sister Yanzi” also take root in here including over 10 foriegers.
何允輝告訴記者，并不是說只有去做小商品、做電商才是創(chuàng)業(yè)，“同樣都是為了安居樂業(yè)，我們在家門口就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)�！�
He Yunhui told the journalist, not just selling goods and doing e-business are starting a business. “all for a happy and peaceful life, we can make it come true at home”.
據(jù)何允輝介紹，2016年，該村村民平均收入為36060元，而在2008年，村民平均收入僅為4587元。
He Yunhui introduced in 2016 the average revenue of the villagers is 36,060 yuan, but in 2008 which was just 4,587 yuan.
正如何斯路村的致富不僅僅是一個(gè)“美麗鄉(xiāng)村”的故事一樣，義烏的這個(gè)“另一面”也是這座城市不可分割的一部分。
Just as Hesilu village to be rich is not just a story of beautiful village, the other side of Yiwu is a undivided part of the city.
城市的生命力在于生生不息的多樣性，以及各種業(yè)態(tài)、各種首要用途、各種文化、各種生活方式的交融。一座城市要做到這些，沒有豐厚的底蘊(yùn)是不行的。
Life of cities is all about endless diversity, the blend of every type of business, every primary use, every culture, every lifestyle. A city can’t do these without rich heritage.
義烏位于浙江省中部，屬浙江省金華市。秦王嬴政二十五年（公元前222年），成為會(huì)稽郡下轄縣，時(shí)稱“烏傷”。唐武德七年（公元621年）定名義烏，沿用至今。1988年，撤銷義烏縣，設(shè)立義烏市。
Yiwu located in central Zhejiang province belongs to Zhejiang Jinhua. YingZheng year 25 of Qin (222B.C), Yiwu became a county of Guiji County called “Wushang”. Wude year 7 of Tang Dynasty (621A.D), it was named Yiwu, still in use today. In 1988 Yiwu County was revoked and Yiwu city was set up.
雖然通過兩天的考察，我無法完整的看見義烏的全貌，但是在“一帶一路”的戰(zhàn)略中，這樣的義烏真讓人印象深刻。
Through two days’ observation, I can’t see the full view of Yiwu completely. But Yiwu is so impressive in “The Belt and the Load” strategy.
（中國網(wǎng)記者 楊云寒 侯薩穆 見習(xí)記者 張?jiān)扑?翻譯：孫吳琦、黃璐、陳萍萍、余樂 ）
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